Nov 24, 2021
Version 1
SubARTIC ONT SARS-CoV-2 Spike sequencing protocol (LoCost) V3.2 V.1
Forked from nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol v3 (LoCost)
- Paul J Parsons1,
- Gavin J Horsburgh1,
- Kathryn Maher1,
- Steve Paterson2,
- Terry Burke1
- 1NERC Environmental Omics Facility, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;
- 2NERC Environmental Omics Facility, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Paul J Parsons: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-1995-9110;
Protocol Citation: Paul J Parsons, Gavin J Horsburgh, Kathryn Maher, Steve Paterson, Terry Burke 2021. SubARTIC ONT SARS-CoV-2 Spike sequencing protocol (LoCost) V3.2 . protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.btvnnn5e
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it’s working
Created: April 01, 2021
Last Modified: November 24, 2021
Protocol Integer ID: 48782
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID, variant, sequencing, Oxford Nanopore, ARTIC , SubARTIC, short amplicon, MinION, GridION, Flow Cell, Covid-19, wastewater, RNA, Virus, Spike
Disclaimer
DISCLAIMER – FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY; USE AT YOUR OWN RISK
The protocol content here is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, medical, clinical, or safety advice, or otherwise; content added to protocols.io is not peer reviewed and may not have undergone a formal approval of any kind. Information presented in this protocol should not substitute for independent professional judgment, advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Any action you take or refrain from taking using or relying upon the information presented here is strictly at your own risk. You agree that neither the Company nor any of the authors, contributors, administrators, or anyone else associated with protocols.io, can be held responsible for your use of the information contained in or linked to this protocol or any of our Sites/Apps and Services.
Abstract
This protocol describes a procedure for sequencing the Spike gene of SARS-CoV-2 using short amplicons (146-208bp) with Oxford Nanopore technology (R9.4.1 MinION/GridION Flow Cell). The method has proved to be successful with both clinical RNA samples and degraded wastewater samples. The primers are unique to the SubARTIC method. The library prep procedure has been heavily adapted from the ncov-2019 sequencing v3 (ARTIC) protocol by Josh Quick (https://www.protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-v3-locost-bh42j8ye) and the "low cost" method from the NEOF Liverpool Illumina ARTIC protocol. See this link for the version of the protocol using Illumina sequencing (https://www.protocols.io/view/sub-artic-illumina-sars-cov-2-spike-sequencing-pro-btpjnmkn).
Guidelines
This protocol was devised using a R9.4.1 Flow Cell on a GridION, please be aware of any potential amendments needed for other sequencers/flow cell types. Consult the Nanopore community if you are in need of assistance https://nanoporetech.com/community. The primers are unique to this method. See 
SubARTIC primers v3-2 091121.csv and the BEFORE STARTING section for details.
SubARTIC primers v3-2 091121.csv and the BEFORE STARTING section for details. Materials
Primers details are given in the attached. SubARTIC primers v3-2 091121.csv
SubARTIC primers v3-2 091121.csv | A | B | C | |
| Component | Supplier | Part number | |
| Primer panel | IDT/SIGMA | ||
| LunaScript RT SuperMix Kit | NEB | E3010 | |
| Q5 Hot Start High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix | NEB | M0494 | |
| Nuclease-free water (100 mL) | NEB | B1500 | |
| NEBNext Ultra II End Repair/dA-tailing module | NEB | E7546 | |
| Blunt/TA Ligase Master Mix | NEB | M0367 | |
| Native Barcoding Expansion Kit 1-12 and/or | ONT | EXP-NBD104 | |
| Native Barcoding Expansion Kit 13-24 | ONT | EXP-NBD114 | |
| AMPure XP beads | Beckman | A63881 | |
| NEBNext Quick Ligation Module | NEB | E6056S | |
| Sequencing Auxiliary Vials | ONT | EXP-AUX001 | |
| Short Fragment Buffer Expansion Kit | ONT | EXP-SFB001 | |
| Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit | Thermo | Q32854 | |
| Flow Cell Priming Kit | ONT | EXP-FLP002 | |
| Flow Cell Wash Kit (optional) | ONT | EXP-WSH003 | |
| R9.4.1 flow cells | ONT | FLO-MIN106 | |
| DNA LoBind 1.5ml tubes | Eppendorf | 0030108051 |
Before start
SubARTIC primers v3-2 091121.csv Before starting, generate the "Odd" and "Even" primer pools as follows:
1. Fully resuspend lyophilised oligonucleotides in 1x TE to a concentration of 100 micromolar (µM) , vortex thoroughly and spin down.
2. Sort the odd and even primer sets into separate batches and label two 1.5-ml tubes.
3. Starting with the even primer set add the volume (μl) of stock primer given in the attached (above) to the pooled 1.5-ml tube (between 7.5μl - 15μl). Vortex and spin down. Then repeat the pooling with the odd primers. These are your two pooled stocks.
4. Dilute the pool stocks one in ten across several aliquots with ultrapure water. Vortex and spin down. These are your working primer pools used in step 4.
Note
This method has been run successfully in house using up to 24 Native barcodes per library, it may be feasible however, to use up to 96 barcodes if your coverage requirements are low.
cDNA preparation
cDNA preparation
30m
30m
Prepare between 11 and 23 RNA samples plus a negative control (nuclease-free water) per library. If previously frozen, mix by briefly flicking and pulse spin to collect liquid. Keep samples on ice at all times.
Note
A positive control can also be included here to help monitor run performance. This could be either synthetic RNA or a diluted clinical sample (see below).
Note
Ideally work should be performed in a freshly bleached Pre-PCR hood in an isolated clean room, that has been subjected to UV irradiation for at least 00:40:00 prior to cDNA preparation.
Mix the following components in PCR strip-tubes/plate. Gently mix by pipetting and pulse spin the tube to collect liquid. Total volume per well is 10 µL .
| A | B | |
| Component | Volume | |
| LunaScript RT SuperMix (5X) | 2 µL | |
| Template RNA | 8 µL |
Note
Viral RNA input from a clinical sample should be between Ct 18-35. If Ct is between 12-15, then dilute the sample 100-fold in water, if between 15-18 then dilute 10-fold in water. This will reduce the likelihood of PCR-inhibition. Viral RNA input from a wastewater sample is likely to be of high Ct and as such no dilution is warranted.
Incubate the reaction as follows:
25 °C for 00:02:00
55 °C for 00:10:00
95 °C for 00:01:00
Hold at 4 °C
Multiplex PCR
Multiplex PCR
4h
4h
Primers are separated into two pools, Odd (O) and Even (E), depending on where they sit across the Spike region. Each sample is then amplified with these two pools separately and pooled after PCR. See the BEFORE STARTING section (above) for further details. Set up two master mixes (O and E) to cover your sample number with an excess of around 10%. Do not over-vortex the Q5. Dispense 8 µL of this master mix in to each well.
| A | B | C | |
| Component | Master mix O | Master Mix E | |
| Working primer pool O | 1.75 μl | - | |
| Working primer pool E | - | 1.75 μl | |
| Q5® Hot Start High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix | 6.25 μl | 6.25 μl | |
| Add to well | 8μl | 8 μl |
Add 4.5 µL cDNA to each of the PCR reactions, gently mix by pipetting and pulse spin the tube to collect liquid at the bottom of the tube. Total volume per well is 12.5 µL .
Run the following program on the thermal cycler; same PCR profile is used for both pools:
Step Temperature Time Cycles
Heat Activation 98 °C 00:00:30 1
Denaturation 98 °C 00:00:15 35
Annealing 60 °C 00:05:00 35
Hold 4 °C Indefinite 1
Note
Cycle number can be reduced for samples of higher concentration.
Pooling of O and E PCR products
Pooling of O and E PCR products
15m
15m
Move to a cleaned and UV sterilised Post-PCR hood. Combines pool O and E of each sample. Dilute ~1 in 2 by adding 20 µL nuclease-free water and pipette mix.
Note
Dilution of 1 in 2 should be considered a minimum. Further dilution is certainly warranted if using samples of high concentration (<25 ct). Samples can also be quanitifed and normalised if a more even spread of coverage is required.
End prep
End prep
45m
45m
Create a master mix as listed below - one per pooled sample - make an excess of ~10%. Dispense 6.7 µL of this master mix to each well.
| A | B | |
| Reagent | Volume | |
| Nuclease-free water | 5 µl | |
| NEB Ultra II End-prep reaction buffer | 1.2 μl | |
| NEB Ultra II End-prep enzyme mix | 0.5 μl | |
| Add to well | 6.7 μl |
Add 3.3 µL of each pooled and diluted product (from step 7) to the end-prep reactions, gently mix by pipetting and pulse spin the tube to collect liquid at the bottom of the tube.
Incubate the reaction using the following program (with a heated lid of 75 °C):
Step Temperature Time Cycles
Incubate 20 °C 00:20:00 1
Denaturation 65 °C 00:15:00 1
Hold 4 °C Indefinite 1
Note
Now is a good time to thaw Blunt/TA ligase MM and Native barcodes (enough for one barcode per sample) and take Ampure XP beads out of the fridge to reach Room temperature .
35m
Native Barcoding
Native Barcoding
1h
1h
Add 1.25 µL of each barcode to a new PCR strip/plate. One barcode per sample. Place the droplet on the side of the well to confirm it is present and then spin down.
Create a master mix as listed below one per pooled sample. Make an excess of ~10%. Dispense 7.75 µL of this master mix to each well.
| A | B | |
| Reagent | Volume | |
| NEB Blunt/TA ligase Master Mix | 5 μl | |
| Nuclease-free water | 2.75 μl | |
| Add to well | 7.75 μl |
Note
To save time Steps 11 and 12 can be done whilst the PCR product is in the process of being end-prepped.
Once the end prep is complete, Add 1 µL of the end-prepped PCR product to each well. Mix by flicking and spin down. The total in each well will be 10 µL
Incubate the reaction using the following program (with a heated lid at 75 °C):
Step Temperature Time Cycles
Incubate 20 °C 00:30:00 1
Denaturation 65 °C 00:10:00 1
Hold 4 °C Indefinite 1
Note
Now is a good time to thaw Short Fragment buffer (SFB).
40m
One-pot Ampure bead clean 1
One-pot Ampure bead clean 1
45m
45m
If you have 12-16 samples - then pool 10 µL of each sample into a 1.5 ml DNA LoBind tube.
or
If you have 17-24 samples - then pool 7.5 µL of each sample into a 1.5 ml DNA LoBind tube.
Resuspend the AMPure XP beads by vortexing. Add 1.0x volumes of resuspended AMPure XP beads to the reaction and mix by pipetting.
Incubate for Incubate for 00:10:00 at Room temperature
Note
Now is a good time to thaw ONT Elution Buffer (EB), NEBNext Quick Ligation Reaction Buffer (5x), NEBNext Quick T4 DNA ligase and Adapter Mix II (AMII) on ice.
10m
Prepare 1 mL of fresh 80% ethanol with nuclease-free water.
Spin down the sample and pellet the beads on a magnet for 00:05:00 . Keep the tube on the magnet, and pipette off the supernatant.
5m
Take the sample off the magnet and add 250 µL Short Fragment Buffer (SFB). Resuspend beads completely by pipette mixing. Return the tube to the magnetic rack and allow the beads to pellet. Remove the supernatant using a pipette and discard.
Repeat the previous step (250 µL wash with SFB, pellet, and then discard supernatant).
Keep the tube on the magnet and wash the beads with 250 µL of freshly-prepared 80% ethanol without disturbing the pellet. Remove the ethanol using a pipette and discard.
Note
You only want to bathe the pellet with ethanol. Only with SFB do you fully resuspend the beads.
Spin down and place the tube back on the magnet. Pipette off any residual ethanol. Allow to air dry for ~2 min, but do not dry the pellet to the point of cracking.
Remove the tube from the magnetic rack and resuspend pellet in 30 µL nuclease-free water. Gently pipette mix.
Note
You can elute in as low as 18 µL if you are running 12-16 samples.
Incubate for 00:02:00 at Room temperature
2m
Pellet the beads on a magnet until the eluate is clear and colourless. Remove and retain 28 µL of eluate into a clean 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tube.
Note
Optional - Quantify eluted sample using a fluorometer. Note 15 µL will be needed for the next steps.
Adapter ligation
Adapter ligation
25m
25m
By adding directly to the pooled and barcoded sample, perform adapter ligation as follows. Make sure to mix by flicking the tube between each sequential addition. Total volume in the tube will be 25 µL .
| A | B | |
| Reagent | Volume | |
| Clean Pooled barcoded sample | 15 μl | |
| Adapter Mix II (AMII) | 2.5 μl | |
| NEBNext Quick Ligation Reaction Buffer (5X) | 5 μl | |
| NEB Quick T4 DNA Ligase | 2.5 μl |
Spin down and incubate the reaction for 00:20:00 at Room temperature
Note
Now is a good time to take out a Flow Cell from the fridge and leave at Room temperature
20m
Final library bead clean
Final library bead clean
40m
40m
Add 25 µL of well mixed AMPure XP beads (1.0x) to the reaction and mix by pipetting. Incubate for 00:10:00 at Room temperature
Note
Now is a good time to load a Flow Cell into the MinION/GridION and run the Check Flow Cell command.
Thaw SQB, LB, FLT, FB on ice.
10m
Spin down the sample and pellet the beads on a magnet for 00:05:00 . Keep the tube on the magnet, and pipette off the supernatant.
5m
Take the sample off the magnet and add 125 µL Short Fragment Buffer (SFB). Resuspend beads completely by pipette mixing. Return the tube to the magnetic rack and allow the beads to pellet. Remove the supernatant using a pipette and discard.
Repeat the previous step (125 µL wash with SFB, pellet, and then discard supernatant).
Spin down and place the tube back on the magnet. Pipette off any residual SFB. Allow to air dry for ~00:02:00 , but do not dry the pellet to the point of cracking.
Note
Do not perform an 80% ethanol wash here.
2m
Remove the tube from the magnetic rack and resuspend pellet in 15 µL Elution Buffer (EB).
Note
This must be ONT EB buffer not any other elution buffer.
Incubate for 00:02:00 at Room temperature
2m
Pellet the beads on a magnet until the eluate is clear and colourless. Remove and retain 14 µL of eluate into a new clean 1.5 ml DNA LoBind tube.
Quantify 1 µL of eluted sample using a Qubit fluorometer High sensitivity kit. – The sample is expected ~ 1-3 ng/ul range depending on the number of samples used.
Dilute if necessary to be ready to load ~15ng on the Flow Cell. 12 µL of the final library will be loaded.
Note
Note this is 15ng total, not 15ng/μl.
Gridion Sequencing
Gridion Sequencing
20m
20m
Add 30 µL FLT to FB and mix well.
Note
Make sure you are familar with the Oxford Nanopore guidance information before proceeding with loading.
Rotate inlet port cover of the Flow Cell clockwise by 90 degrees so the inlet port is visible.
Take a P1000 and set the volume to 800 μl. Place the tip in the inlet port, make sure the pipette is held perpendicularly (i.e. not at an angle). Remove any air by turning the dial on the pipette slowly. You should see a small amount of liquid on the end of the tip. Do not remove more than necessary.
Take 820 µL from the FLT/FB mix tube being careful that there are no air bubbles present/liquid goes all the way to the bottom of the tip.
Load this into the priming port by dispensing slowly. Save the last few μl in the pipette tip to avoid adding any air.
Note
Only 800 µL needs to be loaded at this point the excess in the tip is to help with the avoidance of bubbles.
Incubate for00:05:00
5m
Whilst incubating prepare the library as follows. Total volume in the tube will be 75 µL .
| A | B | |
| Reagent | Volume | |
| Final library (Max ~15ng total) | 12 μl | |
| SQB | 37.5 μl | |
| LB | 25.5 μl |
Note
Make sure the LB is especially well mixed before adding as it settles quickly.
Gently lift the SpotON cover to open the SpotOn port.
Slowly load another 210 µL of the FB/FLT mix into the Inlet port. This should initiate a siphon at the SpotON port. As previously, leave the last amount of liquid in the end of the tip to avoid any bubbles.
Pipette mix the library mixture together just prior to loading, as the loading beads can quickly settle.
Load the 75 µL of mixture to the flow cell via the SpotON port in a dropwise fashion.
Gently replace the SpotOn port cover, making sure the bung sits in correctly, close the inlet port and close the GridION lid.
Starting the experiment
Starting the experiment
5m
5m
Select Start – Start sequencing.
Name the run and select the correct X position.
Choose the flowing options – LSK109 – NBD104 and NBD114.
Run for 16-24 hours, align to a Spike reference, select high-accuracy base calling, and set the minimum barcoding score to 80.
Note
These options can be easily customised depending on data requirements.
Start the run.