Feb 28, 2024

Public workspaceStudy Protocol: Using Video Testimonials as a School-Based Social Marketing Intervention in Adolescent Smoking Cessation Programs

DOI
dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.3byl4qpbjvo5/v1
  • 1Universitas Sriwijaya;
  • 2Universitas Gadjah Mada
Mohammad Eko Fitrianto
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DOI: dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.3byl4qpbjvo5/v1
External link: https://doi.org/10.17632/j7dc7tjpgd.1
Protocol Citation: Mohammad Eko Fitrianto, Basu Swastha Dharmmesta, Bernardinus Maria Purwanto 2024. Study Protocol: Using Video Testimonials as a School-Based Social Marketing Intervention in Adolescent Smoking Cessation Programs. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.3byl4qpbjvo5/v1
Manuscript citation:
Mohammad Eko Fitrianto, Basu Swastha Dharmmesta, and Bernardinus Maria Purwanto (2024). Imagine It Happening to My Classmates: Using Video Testimonials as a Social Marketing Intervention in Adolescent Smoking Cessation Programs. Cogent Business & Management. 11(1) DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2321927
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,  which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: February 25, 2024
Last Modified: February 28, 2024
Protocol Integer ID: 95717
Keywords: Social marketing, Social marketing intervention, Adolescent smoking, Smoking prevention, School-based program, Experimental study
Funders Acknowledgements:
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Grant ID: 1525/UN1/DITLIT/Dit-Lit/PT.01.05/2022
Abstract
This protocol study intended to describe the examination process of emotion-based study and interpersonal relationship in context of adolescent smoking. We designed a school-based smoking cessation program as a social marketing intervention tool to influence high-school student behavior using a testimonial video. We stimulate participant empathy with hypothetical scenario to observe their reaction to the stimulus. Two main independent variables in this study are salience of need and attachment style. Experimental design in this study using 2 × 2 factorial design, with one control condition. Procedures start with participants were shown a testimonial video of an adolescent suffering due to smoking, and ended by asking the participants to imagine if such consequences were happening to their own peers. Video testimony was recorded in a high-definition format (full HD 1080p/60fps) using a Sony Alpha 6000. Video editing was performed using Camtasia Studio 2019 in mp4 format. The potential implications of this research suggest that schools, as organizations, can utilize a multimedia approach (e.g., video testimonials) to design comprehensive social marketing programs focused on peer relationships.
Guidelines
This study consists of three main stages, namely: preparation, study implementation and post-study implementation. The study implementation guide is as follows.
  1. All procedures must comply with standard research ethics
  2. School selection is carried out randomly
  3. Participants were selected due to a random procedure, not voluntarily
  4. Participants receive gender-matching manipulation, due to this is an emotion-based study
  5. To minimize participant guess the research hypothesis, apply double blind method
  6. All of study activity accompanied by homeroom teacher
  7. All participants and the actors are involved in this study is under 18, make sure to covered their personal identity
  8. Make sure the activity to do not disturb daily learning process activity, due to this study conduct in school settings
  9. Time management is important. Make sure all activity progressing according to the plan. Delay in the process can result on disturb daily learning process activity. Make sure to followed the research protocol to avoid activity delay
  10. Good teamwork is important to prevent systematical error
Materials
Materials that use in this study:
  1. Research instrument. All of study instrument (study manipulation and survey question) is found in 'the pdf file'
  2. Video equipment. In this study we use two camera, the first camera for video shooting (video testimony) and the second camera for study documentation. We recorded the video testimony in a high-definition format (full HD 1080p/60fps) using a Sony Alpha 6000. Video editing was performed using Camtasia Studio 2019 in mp4 format.
  3. Audio equipment. We use wireless audio equipment to maintain high audio quality during the recording process.
  4. Multimedia device (i.e. smartphone, laptop, or tablet) to open 'the pdf file' or study manipulation.
  5. Personal audio device (i.e. earphone) to listen carefully the audio content.
  6. Video transcription
  7. Sample of video manipulation
https://www.youtube.com/embed/22Yw9gGUDXg








Safety warnings
Please pay close attention and conduct carefully to the following:
  1. Random assignment process
  2. Integrating instrument and video manipulation
  3. "The pdf file" distribution
  4. Precise in time management
  5. Internal validity threat (history, maturation, mortality)
  6. Implementation of double-blind method
Ethics statement
This research protocol was approved by Ethical Commision of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia (Ethical clearence ref. KE/UGM/037/EC/2022)
Before start
What should to prepare
  1. Study design
  2. Ethical clearance (study of conduct)
  3. Determine the manipulation level (for this study: Level of severity)
  4. Video testimonial production plan
  5. Audio & Video recording device (for video testimonial production)
  6. Research instrument development (integrated between study queries and video manipulation)
  7. Trivia questions
  8. Random sampling process plan
  9. Random assignment process plan
  10. Bias mitigation plan
  11. Manipulation check procedures
  12. Time schedule
  13. On the spot study monitoring plan
Phase I: Preparation
Phase I: Preparation
8w
8w
Study design
4w
Decide the factorial design
  • The researcher decide the factorial design, in this study we use a 2 × 2 factorial design, with one control condition
Note. Each group has two versions according to gender (male and female version)

1w
Decide to use control condition (variables and group control)
  • To minimize the possibility of alternative answer, researcher must control the participants age and sex. Control condition may imply with this situation: participants and the actors are in the same age and participant will receive study manipulation that match with their gender.
  • To create a benchmark and to compare to the experiment result, provide a control group. Participant in this group do not receive the experimental treatment.
1w
Bias mitigation plan
  • Gender bias mitigation
  • Double-blind method
1w
Provide ethical clearance
  • To obtain a institutional ethical clearance is vary, due to administration procedures. Estimate it will take 4 weeks.
4w
Determine the manipulation levels
1w
Conduct Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
  • Researcher decide what relevant information related to the manipulation development that will discussed in the discussion.
  • To get more accurate information about health consequence of smoking, and to conceptualize the research manipulation, we conduct FGD at Lung Hospital located in Bantul, Yogyakarta
  • We collect information about (1) adolescent patients who had experienced health problems due to smoking and (2) the level of suffering.
1w
Conceptualize the level of suffering
  • According to previous information, conceptualize the level of suffering in two level (light and severe suffering)
1w
Video testimonials Production (experimental manipulation)
4w
Video testimonial design
  • Every video testimonial consisted of two parts. The first part was about a negative smoking consequence (salience of need), and the second consisted of the attachment style (attachment figure)
1w
School permission.
  • To obtain a school permission is vary, due to administration procedures. Estimate it will take 4 weeks.
  • The school provides permission and lists the names of students who will participate as video models
4w
Video testimonial production
A portrayed of video shooting set-up

Video shooting notes
  • To avoid psychological exhaustion and irrelevant messages, limit the video duration to around 1-1.30 minutes.
  • We recommends to record the video in a high-definition format (full HD 1080p/60fps)
  • Convert the video into common video format (i.e. *.mp4) and upload it to online video storage (i.e. youtube.com)
  • Generating the link, and given a code to each link to make identification easier
  • Please remind that, there will be 10 versions of video link according to number of conditions
  • The entire video shooting process accompanied by a teacher

Note
Please provide the video testimonial script


1d
Video testimonial result
An example of versions from study manipulation
English translation: "I felt a very severe cough every day and shortness of breath until I was hospitalized"

Note
Due to all of involved actors is under 18, and to comply the research ethics, make sure to covered the actors identity

3d
Random sampling process procedures
  • Random sampling procedures ensuring that every student had an equal chance of being selected as a participant.
1w
Obtain list of active student.
  • In this study, the school provide a list of an active student from two classes grade XI student.
5d
Prepare the student name list for random assignment phase
  • Due to this study conduct gender-matching procedures, please give a gender code followed after each name (e.g. M=Male, F=Female)
  • Example: Alan Andreasen (M)
2d
Random assignment procedures
  • Input the name list into random assignment application, and let the software randomize the list. Set the group according to study design. In this study, we employed five groups that contains of experimental groups (with manipulation condition) and control group (no manipulation condition).
For example, we use random team generator from https://www.randomlists.com/team-generator
After the randomization process, we obtain a list of participant according to the group their belong.
1d
Research instrument development
1w
Prepare the TRIVIA question (for mitigating the covariates)

Note
Trivia result must in metric due to covariates also refers to uncontrolled metric variable

2d
Prepare the main study question (study manipulation)
1w
Prepare the manipulation check question
  • Manipulation checks were conducted to ensure the success of the experimental manipulations and that the participants responded accordingly
1d
1d
Link integration
2d
Integrated link between participant's attribute and the research treatment
  • This is a critical step. Be careful when integrated between participant's attribute (gender, group they belong, etc.) with the research treatment.
  • There are ten versions of treatment, participant must accurate receive the link that he/she suppose to received.
  • Errors in embedding links, resulted in participants failing to participate in the study.

An example of link integration

1d
Critical
Compile the research instrument into 'The PDF File'
Note. Each link unique and contains direct access to study manipulation

Note
Activate the email collection feature. As a consequence, participants must log in to be able to send the answers. This action is intended so that participants are allowed to submit their answers once.

1d
Bias mitigation procedures
  • All the experiments were performed individually
  • Each participant will receive unique link, and it direct to their manipulation according to random assignment process
  • Double-blind method not allowed participant to identify the kind of other treatment, even they cant identify their own treatment
  • This procedures also not allowed each group interact or diffuse each other
1d
Obtain participant consent a day before the experimental study conduct
  • One of the critical steps due to comply research ethics.
  • The researcher can use a google form to collect and store the data online
1d
Critical
Meet the experimenter (the homeroom teacher)
  • Arrange a meeting with the teacher one day before the experimental study
  • In order to achieve the experimental study goal, we need a help from homeroom teacher to deliver the procedures.
  • The role of experimenter is very vital, such as to distribute the research instrument, reading the instruction, and giving a signal to start and stop the activity.
1d
Phase II: The experimental study
Phase II: The experimental study
1d
1d
Arrived at school and meet with the experimenter
  • Meet the experimenter (the homeroom teacher) and giving a brief explanation about the study
  • Optional, if the study is conduct in the morning: Noted that it is very common school in Indonesia start their learning process at 06.30 AM. Please arrived before the the learning process will begun
10m
Handling the mortality rate
  • Before the study started, make sure to ask the homeroom teacher about the student (or participant) who were unable to take part in the study
  • This part is important related to documenting the mortality rate and check if the random assignment works well.
  • In our case, 15 students could not participate in the research and they are well distributed from all groups. This means random assignment works well.
5m
Critical
Opening and Reading the Instruction
  • The experimenter set-up the class to start the study
  • The experimenter read the study instruction
  • The experimenter giving a signal to start and stop the activity
Note. A portrayed of the experimenter when giving a signal to start the activity

10m
Instrument distribution
  • The pdf file distributed through class group chat (via WhatsApp group)
5m
Answer the Trivia Question (covariate mitigation)
  • Experimenter (the teacher) give the signal to start answer the trivia
10m
Participant carefully listen a part of research manipulation
https://www.youtube.com/embed/sOs_twtMIA4
Note. A portrayed of a student when participate in the experimental study
5m
Study monitoring plan
  • During the experimental study, the researcher must monitor the whole progress of study to giving quick response to the undesirable event (i.e. internet access problem, personal device problem, access problem, etc.)
Note. Portrayed of the process of the experimental study

30m
Critical
Debriefing
  • After the participants submitted their responses, announced the purpose of the study and thanked them for their participation
Note. Portrayed of participants in this study after debriefing

1m
Phase III: Post experimental study
Phase III: Post experimental study
1w
1w
Data check and validation
  • After participant submitted their response, the answer will be automatically stored at the system
  • Data validation related to check the mortality rate, or participant that failed to participate in this study (i.e. not finished to answer the question, or failed to understanding the instruction)
  • In our case, we found 1 participant incorrect to join the group where he/she should be belong (e.g. wrong click the link)
1w
Data compilation and preliminary analysis
  • Reminds the ten versions of data, be careful in compilation process
  • Reminds the code to help identify the group (i.e. 1=Male, 2=Female, or A, B, C, D, and E for group of treatment)
  • Compile the data carefully in common statistical software format (i.e. SPSS)
1w
Manipulation check
  • Conduct a manipulation check to ensure there is a significant difference between level of treatment (i.e. light vs severe condition)
  • Significant difference between level of treatment shown the effectiveness of the treatment
1w
Protocol references
Mohammad Eko Fitrianto, Basu Swastha Dharmmesta, Bernardinus Maria Purwanto 2023. A Pilot Study For Developing an Adolescent Smoking Cessation Program Based on Emotional and Motivational Factors. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.36wgq3r45lk5/v1
Ilse Verveer, Danielle Remmerswaal, Joran Jongerling, Frederik M. van der Veen, Ingmar H. A. Franken 2020. Testing repetitive tDCS on daily smoking behaviour: A placebo controlled EMA study. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bcgdits6