Apr 03, 2020
Protocol for introducing fluorescently labeled CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex into heterotrophic dinoflagellates
- Brittany Sprecher1,
- Huan Zhang1,
- Senjie Lin1
- 1University of Connecticut
- Protist Research to Optimize Tools in Genetics (PROT-G)
Protocol Citation: Brittany Sprecher, Huan Zhang, Senjie Lin 2020. Protocol for introducing fluorescently labeled CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex into heterotrophic dinoflagellates. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bei2jcge
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: In development
We are still developing and optimizing this protocol
Created: April 02, 2020
Last Modified: April 03, 2020
Protocol Integer ID: 35130
Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9 RNP, Fluorescent labeled tracrRNA, Oxyrrhis marina, Dinoflagellates, Gene Editing, cas9 rnp complex into heterotrophic dinoflagellate, introducing crispr, labeled crispr, cas9 rnp molecule from cell, cas9 rnp molecule, cas9 rnp complex, crispr, cas9 rnp method, cas9 machinery into the cell, rnp complex, genome, dinoflagellate, heterotrophic dinoflagellate, cas9 machinery,
Abstract
Introducing CRISPR/Cas9 machinery into the cell as RNP complexes reduces the number of steps necessary to edit the genome, does not require codon optimization or a strong promoter, can result in higher editing efficiencies with fewer off target effects, and has lower risks of cell toxicity (Woo et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2017; Farboud et al., 2018). This protocol utilizes IDTs fluorescently labeled tracrRNAs to visually check to see whether the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP molecule can make it into non photosynthetic dinoflagellates. This protocol serves as a good starting point to evaluate the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP method, the relative transformation efficiency, and can be used to help sort cells that contain the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP molecule from cells that do not.
Guidelines
The protocol utilizes Lonza’s SG Cell Line 4D-Nucleofector™ X Kit S and IDTs Alt-R™CRISPR/Cas9 crRNA and tracrRNA – ATTO™ 550
Materials
MATERIALS
Lonza Nucleofector 4dLonzaCatalog #AAF-1002X
Troubleshooting
Before start
Make sure your dinoflagellate culture is healthy and narrow down an antibiotic cocktail that can be used to reduce the growth of bacteria in the culture.
1. Prepare the RNP complex from IDT
Combine 1 uL Alt-R™ CRISPR/Cas9 tracrRNA – ATTO™ 550 (100 uM) + 1 L Alt-R™ CRISPR/Cas9 crRNA (100 uM) + 18 uL IDT Nuclease Free Buffer
Note: the concentrations can and should be adjusted to determine optimal [RNP] and Cas9:gRNA ratios
Incubate at 95˚C for 5 minutes, let cool to room temperature on bench
Meanwhile, combine 2.67 uL Alt-R Cas9 Enzyme (61 uM) + 37.33 uL IDT Nuclease Free Buffer
Form RNP complex by combining 1-part gRNA (part 1) and 1-part Cas9 (part 3) and let incubate at room temperature for 20 mins.
Note: RNP complexes can be kept at 4˚C for a month or 5 months at -80˚C
Collecting O. marina
Concentrate healthy Oxyrrhis marina cells using a flashlight. Make sure that under green light the cells have no background fluorescence (this may require not feeding them for some time)
Count cell concentration of these healthy cultures using a Sedgewick Rafter Counting Chamber. Goal is to use 200,000 cells/well for electroporation
Spin down the O. marina cells that are necessary for the experimental set-up (need to include the NPC (no pulse controls) and scrambled gRNA control). Use 2500g for 2.5 mins
Remove all but 2-5 mL of liquid, being very careful to not disturb the pellet. Transfer gently to 2 mL test tubes
Centrifuge at 900g for 1 minute and remove all remaining liquid
Resuspend in electroporation buffer
For each experimental well use Lonza’s 16.4 uL SG Buffer, Lonza’s 3.6 uL Supplement 1 Solution, and 2uL RNP complex (Step 4)
Electroporation Steps
Place 22 uL into each well of Lonza’s Nucleocuvette™ 16-well strips very gently and electroporate using desired setting
Immediately add 80 uL of filtered and autoclaved seawater containing the antibiotic cocktail to limit bacteria growth
After 20-30 minutes transfer each well to a 24-well culture plate that already contains 1.4 mL of the same seawater described above
Observation Steps
After 1.5-2 hours try to observe the cells for red fluorescence to demonstrate RNP complex uptake under green light
Continue to observe cells for fluorescence for 3 days (many experiments have shown RNP complexes are mostly degraded after 72 hours)
Isolate gDNA after ~72 hours and perform T7E1 endonuclease assay to determine gene editing efficiency