Mar 13, 2023
Version 3
Preparing ONT-tagged Primers and Master Mix for Fungal DNA Barcoding V.3
- Stephen Douglas Russell1
- 1The Hoosier Mushroom Society
- Mycota Lab
Protocol Citation: Stephen Douglas Russell 2023. Preparing ONT-tagged Primers and Master Mix for Fungal DNA Barcoding. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.yxmvmnzxng3p/v3Version created by Stephen D Russell
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,  which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: March 12, 2023
Last Modified: March 13, 2023
Protocol Integer ID: 78631
Keywords: primers, fungi, ITS1F, ITS4, primer plate, fungal dna barcoding ont primer preparation, unique tags for each of the 960 specimen, fungal dna barcoding, tagged primer, tagged reverse primer, single unique forward primer tag for each plate, sequences with any individual specimen, single unique forward primer tag, sequences with the individual specimen, sequencing protocol, dna amplicons for all of the specimen, unique primer, unique reverse primer, unique primer combination, unique reverse primers for the plate, different reverse primer, reverse primer, unique forward primer, unique primers for the forward its1f primer, primer, individual specimen, sequencing run, involving specimen, environmental dna, forward its1f primer, unique tag, most dna, specimen, 960 specimen, dna amplicon, dna, preparing ont, ideal for most dna
Abstract
ONT primer preparation has two specific aspects that are unique when comparing to Sanger sequencing protocols. The first is that each primer needs to be "tagged" - a unique ~10-15bp sequence is added to the 5' end of the forward and reverse primers. Secondarily, these tagged primers need to be "multiplexed" - meaning that each individual specimen has a unique combination of forward-tagged primer and reverse-tagged primer. These tags allow the DNA amplicons for all of the specimens to be "pooled" or mixed together for sequencing, and then to be "demultiplexed" or sorted back out, allowing the resulting sequences to be associated with the individual specimens they originated from.
It is possible to perform ONT sequencing without the tags, but you would not be able to associate the sequences with any individual specimens. Ex - If you had ten closely related Russula specimens in your sequencing run, you would be able to document sequences of all ten of the species, but you would have a difficult time associating the sequences with the individual specimens/observations they originated from. They would be sequences without faces. This may be common if you are examining the community ecology or environmental DNA of a particular location, but this result would not be ideal for most DNA barcoding goals involving specimens. Thus, if you are running 960 specimens on a Flongle flowcell, you need to have 960 unique primer combinations for the sequencing run.
The easiest way to accomplish this is to have a single unique forward primer tag for each plate you are including, combined with 96 unique reverse primers for the plate. If you are including five plates, you would have five unique forward primers (a different one for each plate) combined with a standard set of 96 reverse primers. This results in 960 unique tags for each of the 960 specimens that are being barcoded.
Note: This protocol utilized a primer plate of 96 different reverse primers. In the future I plan on ordering the primer plate of 96 unique primers for the forward ITS1F primers. This will allow ad-hoc combinations of a different ONT-tagged reverse primer to extend into the LSU region as needed.
Materials
Primers
ONT-tagged Forward Primerseurofins genomics $87.50
ONT-tagged Reverse Primerseurofins genomics $396.16
Reagents and Consumables
Molecular Biology Grade WaterIBI ScientificCatalog #IB42120 (Cost in extraction step)
PCR Master Mix (Empirical Bioscience): $206.90 shipped ($10.34 per plate; $0.108 per reaction/sample)
Equipment
Thermocycler: (Cost in extraction step)
Total Cost Outlay: $1607.74
Ongoing cost per sample: minimal
Protocol materials
ONT-tagged Forward Primerseurofins genomics
ONT-tagged Reverse Primerseurofins genomics
Molecular Biology Grade WaterIBI ScientificCatalog #IB42120
Troubleshooting
Ordering ONT-tagged Primers
ONT-tagged Forward Primerseurofins genomics - Determine how many unique primers you need to order. Ex - If you are planning to utilize a Flongle cell with up to 960 specimens, you would need to order ten unique forward ONT-tagged primers. If you hope to use a 10.4.1 cell with 10,000+ specimens, you would need to order at least 105 unique forward tagged primers.
ITS1F sequences and/or unique ONT primer tags can be found here:
MinION Primer Tag Sets.xlsx
MinION Primer Tag Sets.xlsx $17.50 x 5
Specifications for one of the unique ONT-tagged forward primers from Eurofins being utilized in this protocol.
ONT-tagged Reverse Primerseurofins genomics - You will need to order a primer plate of 96 unique ONT-tagged reverse primers. You will only need to order a single 96 well plate. These reverse primer tags will be the same set for each plate you include in a sequencing run.
ITS4 sequences and/or unique ONT primer tags can be found here:MinION Primer Tag Sets.xlsx
MinION Primer Tag Sets.xlsx A Eurofins template ready for upload can be found here: Eurofins_PlateUpload.xlsx
Eurofins_PlateUpload.xlsx $380.16 + $16 shipping
Specifications for the "standard" 96 unique reverse ONT-tagged primers from Eurofins used in this protocol.
Preparing Forward Primer Stock
When your forward primers arrive in individual tubes, they will be at a 100uM concentration. You will need to make new working tubes at a 10uM concentration.
In a new 1.5uL tube, using filter tips:
900uL molecular water
100uL of 100uM forward primer
Label each tube such as "ONT001 10uM."
Preparing Reverse Primer Stock-Working-PCR Ready Plates
10m
Materials Required:
Molecular Biology Grade WaterIBI ScientificCatalog #IB42120
ONT-tagged Reverse Primerseurofins genomics
96 well plates
Multichannel Pipettes (90uL, 10uL, 6.2uL, 4.6uL)
Your ONT-tagged reverse primers arrived in a 100uM stock solution. I typically work with 10uM primer solution for most protocols. I also typically do not like to thaw out my stock plate with any regularity, so it would be best to make multiple working plates of your reverse primers.
Summary:
100 uM Reverse Primer Stock Solution
|
"Working" Reverse Primer Plates
180uL H2O
20ul Primer
|
"PCR Ready" Reverse Primer Plates
160uL H2O
25ul "Working" primer
|
PCR Reaction
4.6uL "PCR Ready" reverse primer into each cell of PCR reaction
Wipe down your working area with Eliminase or similar.
Place 90uL of molecular water into each cell of new 96 well plates. A multichannel pipette is most efficient for this job. It is also best to use filter tips.
Transfer 10uL of reverse primer from your stock plate into each of the 96 wells, making sure each primer stays in the correct cell. Make sure to use new filter tips for each transfer.
Label each plate you create "ONT ITS4 10uM Working"
It is possible to use the 10uM working plates directly into your PCR reactions. However, it would require that very small amounts be added to each cell (0.625uL). These small amounts are often difficult to pipette accurately, especially with a multichannel pipette. In order to increase the volume being utilized, we can create "PCR Ready" plates that also include molecular water that we would need to be including in our PCR reaction anyway.
Each working plate should make "15-16 PCR Ready" plates.
Each "PCR Ready" primer plate should make 9-10 PCR plates.
Place 40uL of molecular water into each cell of new 96 well plates. A multichannel pipette is most efficient for this job. It is also best to use filter tips.
Transfer 6.25uL of reverse primer from your working (10uM) plate into each of the 96 wells, making sure each primer stays in the correct cell. Make sure to use new filter tips for each transfer.
Label each plate you create "ONT ITS4 PCR Ready."
Create Master Mix / Forward Primer (MMF) Stock
In 1.5mL tubes, add:
625 uL Master Mix
62.5 uL of 10uM ONT-tagged Forward Primer
Label tube with ONT name "MMF ONT001"
Each tube with this mixture will be the stock for 1 plate (100rxns). If you are running a Flongle with 960 specimens, you will need to make ten tubes, each with a different ONT-tagged forward primer.
Note: It is possible to make larger MMF batches for each forward primer and to store them in the freezer until ready for use with future runs. I will typically create three tubes of the mixture above for each forward primer when I am replenishing the stock.
I will then spec out 8-strips of each primer for easy transition to the final PCR plates.
Primers and master mix on blue. Get transferred to 1.5 MMF tubes on red. Finally into 8-stips for each primer on yellow.
Create Master Mix Plates
Make a determination of how many plates you will need for this sequencing run. For a Flongle, this will likely be 5-10. For example, if you are running 960 specimens, you will need to set out 10 new 96 well plates. However, this is often too much concentration time for a single sitting. I typically create primer plates in batches of five.
We will be performing 1/2 reactions (12.5uL total volume).
Quick Summary:
Each cell of each plate will have a different ONT-tagged primer combination and a total of:
4.6 "PCR Ready" reverse primer mix
4uL Molecular water
0.625 ONT-tagged reverse primer
6.9 MMF
6.25uL of Master Mix
0.625 ONT-tagged forward primer
1.1ul DNA template
12.5uL total reaction volume
MMF stock for each primer on yellow. PCR Ready reverse primer plate in the middle on blue. Five plates ready to accept the mixture of the two on the right.
Add 4.6uL from a "PCR Ready" reverse primer plate to each cell.
Note: It will likely be easiest to use a multichannel pipette for this step. Row 1 to five plates using a single set of tips, row 2 to five plates using a new set of tips, etc.
*Be sure to use new tips for each row of cells. You will use 96 different tips for this step. I use non-filtered tips here in order to save money.
***It is imperative that you do not dip tips back into the wrong row of cells in-between plates or after they have been used. If you dip into the wrong row of the PCR Ready plate, you will need to dispose of the entire remainder of the PCR Ready plate. This step and the next one will require at least an hour of intense concentration and counting. Make sure you will have no distractions during this time.***
Add 6.9uL of the MMF stock into each cell of the new 96 well plates. REMINDER: Each new plate needs different MMF stock from a different ONT-tagged primer.
I keep 8-strip tubes filled with premade MMF for each ONT forward primer. This way I can quickly thaw the strip and lay out plates for each primer as needed. I use non-filtered tips for this step in order to save money.
You will need to use a whole box of tips for each plate you are working with for this step. It is imperative that you do not dip tips back into another cell after they have been used. If you do, you will need to dispose of the remainder of the MMF mix.
Place the completed plates in the freezer until they are ready to be utilized.
Once you are ready to add the template, utilize 1.1ul of DNA template for each cell.
NOTE: Check each tip of the pipette to ensure the requisite amount is contained in the tip. It will likely be easiest to use a multichannel pipette for this step.
Cap off the plate with PCR Sealing Film.
Label each plate with the forward primer ONT name. "ONT001 P1 ITS1F-4"
Run Thermocycler Program
Standard ITS program:
94C for 1 min
Repeat 30X:
94C for 1 min
51C for 1 min
72C for 1 min
72C for 8 min
10C to stop