Jan 24, 2023
Nutrient solution for rice hydroponics culture
- 1International Rice Research Institute
Protocol Citation: John Platten 2023. Nutrient solution for rice hydroponics culture. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.wg6fbze
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: December 17, 2018
Last Modified: January 24, 2023
Protocol Integer ID: 18686
Keywords: rice, hydroponics, Yoshida's solution, salinity
Abstract
This represents a heavily modified Yoshida's solution. Compared to Yoshida's formulation, this solution has almost the same concentration of macro and micronutrients, but the formulation has been simplified. Key advantages:
* The solution is now formulated as three solutions at 1000× concentration, greatly simplifying dilution.
* The solution is less acidic than Yoshida's formulation, reducing the amount of hydroxide required to adjust pH.
* The solution eliminates Na+ and almost all Cl- from the medium, allowing independent investigation of toxicities of these ions. In addition much of the K+ is supplied as KOH, potentially allowing control of the Na/K ratio independently of absolute concentrations and of Cl- levels.
Materials
MATERIALS
Zinc sulfate heptahydrateMerck MilliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich)Catalog #204986
Manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrateMerck MilliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich)Catalog #M3634
500g Potassium Phosphate (Monobasic)G-BiosciencesCatalog #RC-083
citric acid monohydrateMerck MilliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich)Catalog #33114
Boric acidBio Basic Inc.Catalog #BB0044.SIZE.500g
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrateBio Basic Inc.Catalog #CB0258.SIZE.500g
Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrateBio Basic Inc.Catalog #CDB0063.SIZE.500g
Iron chloride (Ferric chloride), hexahydrateBio Basic Inc.Catalog #FD0201.SIZE.250g
Magnesium sulfate, heptahydrate, ACSBio Basic Inc.Catalog #MB0329.SIZE.500g
Potassium hydroxideBio Basic Inc.Catalog #PB0441.SIZE.500g
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
Sodium metasilicate nonahydrateMerck MilliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich)Catalog #S4392-250G
Ammonium sulfateMerck MilliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich)Catalog #A5132-1KG
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrateMerck MilliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich)Catalog #A7302-500G
Solution A, 1000× (Macro and micronutrients, minus Ca, Mg and Si)
| Common name | Formula | [Stock] (g/mol) | [Final] (M) | g/L | g/2L | Element | |
| Sulfuric acid (5M stock, diluted from concentrated; ~18M) | H2SO4 | 5.00 M | 0.8510 | 170.2mL | 340.4mL | S | |
| Ammonium sulfate | (NH4)2SO4 | 132.1400 | 0.6753 | 89.23 | 178.46 | NH4, S | |
| Potassium phosphate monobasic | KH2PO4 | 136.0855 | 0.3225 | 43.89 | 87.77 | K, P | |
| Potassium hydroxide | KOH | 56.1056 | 0.7020 | 39.39 | 78.77 | K | |
| Citric acid, monohydrate | C6H8O7.H2O | 210.1388 | 0.0708 | 14.87 | 29.750 | ||
| Ferric chloride, 6-Hydrate | FeCl3.6H2O | 270.2964 | 0.0356 | 9.62 | 19.250 | Fe | |
| Manganous chloride, 4-hydrate | MnCl2.4H2O | 197.9052 | 0.0094742 | 1.88 | 3.750 | Mn | |
| Ammonium molybdate, 4-Hydrate | (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O | 1235.8577 | 0.0000749 | 0.0925 | 0.1851 | Mo | |
| Zinc sulfate, 7-hydrate | ZnSO4.7H2O | 287.5796 | 0.0001521 | 0.0437 | 0.0875 | Zn | |
| Boric acid | H3BO3 | 61.8330 | 0.0189 | 1.17 | 2.335 | B | |
| Cupric sulfate, 5-Hydrate | CuSO4.5H2O | 249.6860 | 0.0001553 | 0.0388 | 0.0775 | Cu |
Solution B, 1000× (Ca, nitrate)
| Common name | Formula | [Stock] (g/mol) | [Final] (M) | g/L | g/2L | Element | |
| Calcium nitrate, tetrahydrate | Ca(NO3)2.4H2O | 236.1490 | 0.9978 | 235.62 | 471.25 | Ca, NO3 |
Solution C, 1000× (Mg, S)
| Common name | Formula | [Stock] (g/mol) | [Final] (M) | g/L | g/2L | Element | |
| Magnesium sulfate, 7-hydrate | MgSO4.7H2O | 246.4756 | 1.6432 | 405.00 | 810.00 | Mg,S |
Elemental comparison with Yoshida's original formulation
| Nutrient | Yoshida's [Final] (mM) | Modified [Final] (mM) | Difference (mM) | Percentage of original | Fold change (×) | |
| Na | 0.322482 | 0.031668 | -0.290814 | 9.82% | 0.098× | |
| K | 1.024330 | 1.024482 | 0.000151 | 100.01% | 1× | |
| N | 2.855149 | 3.346067 | 0.490918 | 117.19% | 1.171× | |
| NH4 | 1.427799 | 1.350516 | -0.077283 | 94.59% | 0.945× | |
| NO3 | 1.427350 | 1.995551 | 0.568201 | 139.81% | 1.398× | |
| PO4 | 0.322482 | 0.322482 | 0.000000 | 100.00% | 1× | |
| SO4 | 3.324387 | 3.169730 | -0.154657 | 95.35% | 0.953× | |
| Ca | 0.997775 | 0.997775 | 0.000000 | 100.00% | 1× | |
| Mg | 1.643165 | 1.643165 | 0.000000 | 100.00% | 1× | |
| Mn | 0.009474 | 0.009474 | 0.000000 | 100.00% | 1× | |
| Mo | 0.000524 | 0.000524 | 0.000000 | 100.04% | 1× | |
| Zn | 0.000152 | 0.000152 | 0.000000 | 100.00% | 0.999× | |
| H3BO3 | 0.018881 | 0.018882 | 0.000000 | 100.00% | 1× | |
| Cu | 0.000155 | 0.000155 | 0.000000 | 100.04% | 1× | |
| Fe | 0.035609 | 0.035609 | 0.000000 | 100.00% | 0.999× | |
| Cl | 2.130801 | 0.125775 | -2.005025 | 5.90% | 0.059× | |
| Si | 0.015834 | 0.015834 | 0.000000 | 100.00% | 1× | |
| Citrate | 0.000071 |
/html>
Safety warnings
The formulation makes use of 5M sulfuric acid. This is prepared by diluting concentrated sulfuric acid (~18M) to achieve the final 5M stock. Diluting strong acids is hazardous and appropriate protocols should be followed.
Solution A, 1000× (Main macro and micronutrients)
Solution A, 1000× (Main macro and micronutrients)
Make this solution up as a SINGLE stock solution. For 1L of stock solution,
* Start with ~600mL de-ionised water.
* Weigh out and dissolve each component (except ferric chloride and citric acid) directly in the 600mL solution. Allow each to dissolve completely before adding the next.
* For the KOH, add pellets slowly, a few at a time, with constant mixing.
* Dissolve the citric acid separately in 100mL de-ionised water. Dissolve the ferric chloride 6-hydrate directly in the citric acid solution. Stir the ferric chloride-citrate solution for 15 minutes, then add slowly to the main stock solution while stirring.
* Make up to 1L.
Solution B, 1000× (Ca, NO3)
Solution B, 1000× (Ca, NO3)
For 1L of stock solution, dissolve the calcium nitrate 4-hydrate directly in 700mL de-ionised water. Make up to 1L.
Solution C, 1000× (Mg, S)
Solution C, 1000× (Mg, S)
For 1L of stock solution, dissolve the magnesium sulfate 7-hydrate in 700mL de-ionised water. Make up to 1L.
Solution D, 1000× (silicon)
Solution D, 1000× (silicon)
(Optional): For 1L of stock solution, dissolve 4.50g sodium metasilicate 9-hydrate in 700mL de-ionised water. Make up to 1L.
The sodium metasilicate can also be weighed out and dissolved directly in the growth medium at the time of preparation.
Preparation of hydroponics medium
Preparation of hydroponics medium
For 100L of 1× hydroponics solution:
* Prepare ~90L of water.
* Mix in 100mL of each stock solution, mixing well before adding next stock solution.
* Add sodium metasilicate 9-hydrate (0.00450g/L) and dissolve with stirring, if not done as solution D.
* Adjust pH to 5.5
* Dispense to growth trays.
Monitor and adjust pH of stock solution daily at pH 5.5 with KOH/HCl as required.
Refresh stock solution twice per week.