The aim of this study was to systematically review and analyze the published preclinical studies of MSC administration in the treatment of animal models of PQ poisoning to provide a basis for cell therapy of PQ poisoning.The electronic databases PubMed and CBMdisc were searched in this systematic review. The characteristics of MSC treatment of animal models of PQ poisoning were summarized. After quality assessment, relevant results were used to evaluate the effects of MSC transplantation. Publication bias was assessed.