Nov 24, 2025
Laboratory Protocol: Temperature-Dependent Laser-Assisted Scattering Study in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)
- Saddam Husain Dhobi1,
- Kishori Yadav2,
- Suresh Prasad Gupta2,
- Jeevan Jyoti Nakarmi1,
- Ajay Kumar Jha3,
- saddam 3
- 1Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Nepal;
- 2Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal;
- 3Department of Mechanical and Advance Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
Protocol Citation: Saddam Husain Dhobi, Kishori Yadav, Suresh Prasad Gupta, Jeevan Jyoti Nakarmi, Ajay Kumar Jha, saddam 2025. Laboratory Protocol: Temperature-Dependent Laser-Assisted Scattering Study in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.e6nvw436zlmk/v1
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: November 23, 2025
Last Modified: November 24, 2025
Protocol Integer ID: 233314
Keywords: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, pemfc efficiency, scattering particle, assisted scattering study, scattering dynamic, pemfc under self, dependent laser, pemfc, generated heat
Abstract
To experimentally validate a theoretical model of scattering dynamics and differential cross-section (DCS) inside a PEMFC under self-generated heat, laser-like fields, and scattering particles, and to study the impact of temperature on PEMFC efficiency.
Materials
- Proton Exchange Membrane (Nafion or equivalent)
- Platinum-coated stainless steel electrodes
- Current collector, diffusion layer, gaskets, bolts, nuts
- Electroplating materials: Aqua Regia solution (for 1 mg Pt), electrical power supply (4 V, 45°C)
- Hydrogen gas generated via electrolysis
- Multimeter for voltage/current measurements
- External heat source for controlled thermal conditions
- MATLAB or equivalent software for theoretical computation
Equipment Setup
Electrode Preparation:
Coat stainless steel electrodes with platinum using electroplating.
Electrolyte: 1 mg Pt dissolved in Aqua Regia.
Connect electrode to negative terminal; apply 4 V at 45°C for 20 seconds.
PEMFC Prototype Assembly:
Assemble components: PEM, electrode, current collector, diffusion layer, gaskets, nuts/bolts.
Active electrode area: 1.5 cm².
Hydrogen inlet: 2 mL/min.
Experimental Environment:
Apply thermal condition via external heat source to simulate operating temperature of PEMFC.
Assume laser-like photon field generated from electron deceleration.
Procedure
Theoretical Computation
Define electron wave function at anode: ψ = Ae^{i(kr−ωt)}
Modify wave function for laser-like field using Volkov wave function.
Incorporate thermal effects using the thermal Volkov wave function.
Compute differential cross-section (DCS) using MATLAB:
Set parameters: incidence energy 0–20 eV, scattering angle 0–360°, distance 0–50 nm, photon energy 1.17 eV, pulse duration in picoseconds.
Experimental Measurement
Supply H₂ gas via electrolysis at 2 mL/min to the PEMFC prototype.
Measure voltage and current using a multimeter.
Apply controlled external heat to simulate operating temperature.
Record output under varying temperatures.
Repeat measurements multiple times (n ≥ 5) for statistical reliability.
Data Analysis
Calculate standard deviation (SD) and standard error (SE):
Determine combined uncertainty for prototype measurement (Uv) and thermal condition (Ut):
Compare experimental results with theoretical DCS predictions.
Analyze effects of PEMFC parameters (voltage, efficiency, charge density) on DCS.
Notes / Critical Considerations
Ensure consistent electrode coating for reproducible results.
Thermal uniformity across PEMFC surface is critical; avoid local overheating.
MATLAB computation must include proper Bessel function order and consider non-relativistic approximations.
Spin and relativistic effects are neglected.
Protocol references
- Dhobi, S. H., Gupta, S. P., Yadav, K., 26 Jha, A. K. (2025). Scattering Dynamics in Thermal Environments Around PEMFC Electrode. International Energy Journal, 25(1A).
- Dhobi, S. H., Gupta, S. P., Yadav, K., Nakarmi, J. J., 26 Jha, A. K. (2025). Thermal Electron-Hydrogen Laser Assisted Three-Body Scattering Dynamics. Physics Open, 100328.
- Haji, S. (2011). Analytical modeling of PEM fuel cell i 2013V curve. Renewable Energy, 36(2), 451 21458.