Feb 03, 2023
Isolation and Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from Nasopharyngeal Specimen
- 1Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, CSIR - Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana;
- 2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana.;
- 3West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
Protocol Citation: Frank Twum Aboagye, Maame Ekua Acquah 2023. Isolation and Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from Nasopharyngeal Specimen. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.q26g7y32kgwz/v1
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: January 27, 2023
Last Modified: September 09, 2023
Protocol Integer ID: 75979
Keywords: RNA, RNA Extraction, SARS-CoV-2, Zymo, COVID-19, RT-PCR, Virus, Nasopharyngeal specimen, Viral Transport Medium, rna viral kit, nasopharyngeal specimen, amplification of sar, fever, infection, allplex 2019ncov assay kit, rna, global pandemic, global pandemic by the world health organization, sar
Disclaimer
This is an optimised protocol for SARS-CoV-2 RNA isolation and amplification using Zymo Quick-RNA Viral Kit (200 prep) and Allplex 2019nCoV Assay Kit. The authors do not accept any liability for the collection and handling of both samples and reagents, results from the use of the protocol and its interpretation as well as any errors or omissions that may be made. The reader should make his/her own evaluation as to the appropriateness of the procedures described.
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Classical symptoms associated with the infection include fever, cough, chills, headache, and muscle aches amongst others. To effectively diagnose the infection and contain its spread, efficient diagnostic tools are required. The current gold standard for the confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection is RT-PCR, this protocol outlines procedures for the isolation and amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from Nasopharyngeal specimens using the Zymo Quick-RNA Viral Kit and Allplex 2019nCoV Assay Kit respectively.
Guidelines
Viral RNA Wash Buffer Preparation
Viral RNA Buffer Preparation
RNA Isolation Procedure (Zymo Quick-RNA Viral Kit)
RT-PCR Mix Preparation Procedure (Allplex 2019nCoV Assay Kit)
RT-PCR Reaction Mix Preparation Procedure
RT-PCR Amplification Protocol (Allplex 2019nCoV Assay Kit)
Materials
Reagent Preparation and RNA Extraction
Dithiothreitol (DTT)
Molecular grade ethanol (95-100%)
DNase/RNase-free water
Zymo Quick-RNA Viral Kit (Zymo Research, USA)
Cryo box
Automatic micropipette (10 μL, 20 μL, 200 μL and 1000μL)
RT-PCR
Allplex 2019nCoV Assay Kit (Seegen Inc., Korea)
1.5 mL - 2.0 mL tube ice rack
0.2 mL PCR tube ice rack
Consumables
0.5 - 10 μL filtered micropipette tips
2 - 20 μL filtered micropipette tips
20 - 200 μL filtered micropipette tips
100 - 1000 μL filtered micropipette tips
1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes
Viral Transport Medium (Shanghai Focusgen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China)
96 well qPCR plate and plate cover
Equipment
Centrifuge
Vortex
Biosafety Cabinet II
Bio-Rad CFX 1000 series
Safety warnings
1. Perform all RNA isolation procedures in a Level II Biosafety Cabinet
2. Wear the appropriate PPEs before, during, and after the isolation and amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA while still in the laboratory.
3. Dithiothreitol causes skin and eye irritation. Handle with care
4. Handle all reagents and specimens as potentially hazardous materials
Before start
1. DTT is not stable in solution. Only freshly-made DTT solutions should be used
2. Aliquot the needed volume of reagents from the stock for the procedure to prevent contamination of the large reagent stock.
3. Allow the amplification kit to thaw completely in a 4°C fridge, before preparing the PCR master mix. Avoid centrifuging the reagents to defrost them.
4. Decontaminate all workspace with 1% bleach followed by 70% alcohol
Reagent Preparation - Viral RNA Wash Buffer
To each bottle of 48 mL of RNA Wash Buffer (concentrate) add 192 mL of molecular grade ethanol (95-100%).
Invert the reagent bottle several times and label with the date of preparation
Reagent Preparation - Viral RNA Buffer
Weigh 0.75 g of dithiothreitol (DTT) into 15 mL of nuclease-free water
Allow the pellets to dissolve completely.
Add 12 mL of the freshly prepared DTT solution to the 100 mL Viral RNA Buffer (concentrate). Invert several times to mix completely.
Note
Invert the reagent bottle gently to avoid over-frothing the reagent. Allow the reconstituted reagent to sit at room temperature for 60 seconds before use.
RNA Extraction Protocol (Zymo Quick-RNA Viral Kit)
Vortex the specimen for 00:00:30 at 3000 rpm and allow it to sit on the bench for 1 minute
30s
Aliquot 200 µL of the specimen into a sterile 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube
Add to the specimen 400 µL of the RNA Buffer and vortex at 3000 rpm, 00:00:30
30s
Transfer the solution in step 3 into a Zymo-Spin™ IC Column in a clean collection tube and centrifuge at 8000 rpm, 00:02:00
2m
Discard the flow-through liquid and transfer the Zymo-Spin™ IC Column into a new collection tube.
Transfer into the Zymo-Spin™ IC Column 500 µL of RNA Wash Buffer (refer to reagent preparation for reconstitution of RNA Wash Buffer).
Centrifuge the Zymo-Spin™ IC Column in the collection tube at 10000 rpm, 00:00:30 and discard the flow-through liquid. Repeat this step.
30s
Add500 µL of absolute ethanol to the Zymo-Spin™ IC Column and centrifuge at 10000 rpm, 00:01:00 and discard the flow-through liquid.
1m
Perform a dry-spin step at 13000 rpm, 00:01:00 rpm to eliminate any trace of ethanol.
1m
Transfer the Zymo-Spin™ IC Column into a new sterile 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube and add to the spin column 25 μL of nuclease-free water.
Centrifuge the spin column for 1 minute at 8000 rpm. Cover the microcentrifuge tube while inspecting for the elute
Store the RNA at -20 °C pending downstream analysis.
Preparation of PCR Master Mix (AllplexTM 2019nCoV Assay Kit)
| A | B | C | |
| Reagent | X 1 (μL) | X 10 (μL) | |
| 2019 nCoV MuDT* Ol igo M ix (MOM) | 5.0 | 50.0 | |
| RNase Free Water (PCR Grade) | 5.0 | 50.0 | |
| Real-t ime One-step Buffer | 5.0 | 50.0 | |
| Real-t ime One-step Enzyme | 2.0 | 20.0 | |
| Total Volume | 17.0 | 170.0 |
MuDT is the brand name of Seegene’s oligo mixture
NB:
1. Add the One-step Enzyme as the last reagent and pipette up and down several times to wash the reagent out of the tip since it is slightly viscous.
2. Pulse vortex the master mix and centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds.
Preparation of RT-PCR Reaction Mix
| A | B | C | |
| Reagent | X 1 (μL) | X 10 (μL) | |
| 2019 nCoV MuDT* Ol igo M ix (MOM) | 5.0 | 50.0 | |
| RNase Free Water (PCR Grade) | 5.0 | 50.0 | |
| Real-t ime One-step Buffer | 5.0 | 50.0 | |
| Real-t ime One-step Enzyme | 2.0 | 20.0 | |
| Viral RNA | 8.0 | - | |
| Total Reaction Volume | 25.0 |
MuDT is the brand name of Seegene’s ol igo mixture
NB:
1. Add 4 μL of the exogenous internal control (IC) to the extracted RNA immediately before pipetting the required volume for the reaction.
2. Centrifuge the qPCR plate or 8-strip qPCR tube for 30 seconds at 1000 rpm
RT-PCR Amplification Protocol (Allplex 2019nCoV Assay Kit)
Cycling Conditions: Reverse transcription at 50°C for 20 minutes, followed by an initial denaturation at 95°C for 15 minutes and 45 cycles of 94°C for 15 seconds and 58°C for 30 seconds (plate read: data acquisition)
Fluorophores: FAM (E gene), Cal Red 610 (RdRP gene), Quasar 670 (N gene), and HEX (Internal Control).
Cut-off Ct-value: 40