Dec 20, 2024
HSQC_CT_13C_ali.nan
- NAN KB1,
- Alex Eletsky2,
- John Glushka2
- 1Network for Advanced NMR ( NAN);
- 2University of Georgia
Protocol Citation: NAN KB, Alex Eletsky, John Glushka 2024. HSQC_CT_13C_ali.nan. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.kqdg325xpv25/v1
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: April 11, 2024
Last Modified: December 20, 2024
Protocol Integer ID: 98068
Keywords: protein nmr, assignment, backbone, hsqc, carbon-13, constant-time, C13, side-chain, aliphatic 13c, time 13c hsqc, 13c resonance, 2d constant time 13c hsqc, signals for each aliphatic carbon, hsqc, required isotope labeling, isotope labeling, aliphatic carbon, spin system identification routine sample screening, aliphatic 1h, entire 13c range, 13c, chain aliphatic 1h, aliphatic 1h polarization, proton pair, high resolution in the aliphatic region, pulse sequence with sensitivity enhancement, original bruker library sequence hsqcctetgpsisp, monitoring chemical shift perturbation study, spectrometer, aliphatic region, 3d spectra, resonance assignment of backbone, additional gradient pulses p16, hcch, antiecho gradient coherence selection, pulse sequence, suitable for sample, sensitive probe, chemical shift perturbation studies due to ligand
Funders Acknowledgements:
NSF
Grant ID: 1946970
Disclaimer
This protocol is part of the knowledge base content of NAN: The Network for Advanced NMR ( https://usnan.nmrhub.org/ )
Specific filenames, paths, and parameter values apply to spectrometers in the NMR facility of the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC) at the University of Georgia.
Abstract
This protocol describes running a 2D constant-time 13C HSQC pulse sequence with sensitivity enhancement and echo-antiecho gradient coherence selection, optimized for high resolution in the aliphatic region. This produces a 2D phase-sensitive 13C-1H correlation spectrum that displays signals for each aliphatic carbon-proton pair.
Required isotope labeling: U-15N,13C or U-13C. Not suitable for samples with uniform 2H labeling due to starting with aliphatic 1H polarization. Application to samples at natural abundance is possible but would require high concentration, sensitive probes and lengthy signal averaging.
Optimal MW is less than 25 kDa.
Field strength preference: High B0 fields are preferred for better signal dispersion.
This pulse sequence can be used for:
- resonance assignment of backbone and side-chain aliphatic 1H and 13C resonances
- spin system identification
- routine sample screening and stability monitoring
- chemical shift perturbation studies due to ligand binding, paramagnetic relaxation or pseudo-contact shifts
- optimization of aliphatic 13C offset and spectral width for use with 3D 13C-edited NOESY/TOCSY, HCCH, and other experiments.
- anchoring of 3D spectra (13C-edited NOESY/TOCSY, HCCH) during interactive visual analysis
It uses the pulseprogram 'hsqcctetgpsisp_ali.nan' (hsqc= heteronuclear single quantum correlation; ct=constant time; et=echo-antiecho; si=sensitivity enhanced; sp=shaped 180 pulses ) modified from the original Bruker library sequence hsqcctetgpsisp with the following changes:
- Simultaneous 180° 13C and 15N pulses replaced with "staggered" sequential pulses to reduce lock perturbations and avoid t1 noise artifacts on high-Q probes.
- Refocusing Q3 shaped pulse on 13C in the middle of CT evolution period replaced with a rectangular 180° pulse ("soft" rectangular pulse with a null excitation at 13CO, or a hard pulse, depending on field strength). This allows uniform phasing to a pure absorptive line shape across the entire 13C range.
- 15N 180° decoupling pulse during 13C CT evolution replaced with a broadband 90-180-90 composite pulse
- Introduced additional gradient pulses p16 and p19
Note: specific parameter values illustrated below may differ depending on the facility and spectrometer.
Guidelines
The number of directly acquired points (2 TD) should be set so the acquisition time t2,max (2 AQ) is between ~50 ms (for larger proteins ~25 kDa) and ~120 ms (for smaller proteins). Longer times may cause excessive probe and sample heating during 13C decoupling, and resolve undesirable 2,3JH,H splittings.
Total constant-time delay is equal to 2*D23, and is normally set to multiples of (1/1JCC). Here 1JCC is assumed to be 37.5 Hz, though the true splittings may vary slightly from site to site. The most common settings are (1/1JCC) and (2/1JCC), corresponding to D23 of 0.0133 and 0.0266 s, respectively. In the former case peak signs will depend coupled spin multiplicity (even or odd number of covalently linked 13C spins), while in the latter case all peaks have the same sign.
Since the F1(13C) is a constant-time dimension, number of acquired points 1 TD should be should be set to the largest possible value for optimal S/N and resolution. The maximum 1 TD value is 2*int(d20/in20), where d20 is the decremented delay, and in20 is the decrement value. Both d20 and in20 are computed internally according to pulse program code and their values are shown in ased view. Note that in0 = in20 = 1(2*SW(13C)). In TopSpin 4.x the ased command would produce a warning if 1 TD is set too large and reset the internal td2 parameter to the maximum possible value.
NUS sampling is usually not required for 2D experiments, since time savings are small, unless running multiple 2D experiments. If using NUS keep sampling amount ~50%.
Before start
A sample must be inserted in the magnet either locally by the user after training or by facility staff if running remotely.
This protocol requires a sample is locked, tuned/matched on 1H, 13C and 15N channels, and shimmed. At a minimum, 1H 90° pulse width and offset O1 should be calibrated and a 1D proton spectrum with water suppression has been collected according to the protocol PRESAT_bio.nan.
It is recommended to calibrate 1H carrier offset, 1H H2O selective flip-back pulse, as well as 1H, 13C, and 15N 90° pulse widths using the "Optimization" tab of bioTop. Alternatively, 1H 90° pulse width and offset can be calibrated using other methods, such as pulsecal or calibo1p1. Additional parameters, like 15N and 13C offsets and spectral width can be either optimized or manually entered in the "Optimization" tab of BioTop.
Note that since BioTop optimizations are saved in the dataset folder, all experiments should be created under the same dataset name when using BioTop for acquisition setup.
Familiarize yourself with the general workflow for NMR study of a protein sample is outlined in protocol "Aquisition Setup Workflow, Solution NMR Structural Biology".
Create aliphatic 13C CT-HSQC experiment
Start with existing Dataset containing 1D proton data in EXPNO 1.
(see step 1)
Click on Acquire -> 'Create Dataset' button to open dataset entry box.
or type edc command.
Dataset: The Name defaults to the one used for the previous 1D dataset.
If a different name is desired, fill this out.
The EXPNO should increment by +1
Directory should be the same as preliminary 1D.
The Title text box will be the same as for EXPNO 1.
Edit to designate an HSQC pulse program and add other details as appropriate.
Select starting parameter set:
Check 'Read parameterset' box, and click Select.
For standard NAN parameter sets, change the Source directory at upper right corner of the window:
Source = /opt/NAN_SB/par
Select HSQC_CT_13C_ALI_xxx.par, where xxx=900,800 or 600*.
* parameter set name may differ depending on spectrometer
Click OK at bottom of window to create the new EXPNO directory.
It will be the active experiment in the acquisition window and should now be listed on your data browser.
Tune Carbon ( and Nitrogen) channels if not done.
Return to the Acquire menu and click Tune ( or type atma on command line).
This will start tuning of the nitrogen channel, then the carbon channel, followed by a retuning of the proton channel (which should not change).
Load pulse calibrations: use getprosol (step 2.1) or bioTop (step 2.2)
Note
Loading the HSQC_CT_13C_ALI_xxx.par parameter set enters the default parameters into the experiment directory. While a good starting point, they may not be fully optimal or accurate for your particular sample or spectrometer hardware. The probe- and solvent-specific parameters, specifically the 1H 90° pulse length, and possibly the 13C and 15N 90° pulse lengths, along with other dependent pulse widths and powers may need to be updated.
There are two ways of automatically updating an entire range of experimental parameters. The first is using getprosol command (step 2.1), which only updates pulse widths and power levels without altering other parameters, such as spectral widths and offsets. This method is suitable for reproducing existing experiments or parameters sets with minimal variations.
The second method utilizes the BioTop module of TopSpin (step 2.2), and can load additional experimental parameters, such as spectral widths, offsets, and number of time-domain points. These additional parameters are set according to calibrations or definitions within the 'Optimization' tab of the BioTop GUI and the corresponding XML description files (bt_hsqcctetgpsisp_ali.nan.xml in this case). This method has a lower dependency on the particular settings of the starting parameter set, and is suitable for setting up experiments from scratch. With this method nearly all important acquisition parameters can be optimized for a particular sample, and then applied consistently to multiple NMR experiments with a single command.
Loading pulse widths and power levels with getprosol:
Use the calibrated proton P1 value obtained from the proton experiment ( protocol PRESAT_bio.nan) and note the standard power level attenuation in dB for P1 (PLW1); otherwise type calibo1p1 and wait till finished.
Then execute the getprosol command:
getprosol 1H [ calibrated P1 value] [power level attenuation for P1 (PLdB1)]
e.g. getprosol 1H 9.9 -13.14.
Where for example, the calibrated P1=9.9 at power level -13.14 dB attenuation
This also loads default 15N and 13C pulse widths and power levels from the PROSOL table, and are assumed to be sufficiently accurate.
If not using BioTop
Loading experimental parameters from BioTop:
If you previously performed parameter calibrations using the "Optimizations" tab of the BioTop GUI, or entered parameters manually in the "Optimizations" tab, you can simply type btprep at the command line.
This is equivalent to calling getprosol with all 1H, 13C and 15N optimized parameters followed by additional parameters loaded from "Optimizations" tab in BioTop GUI. In this particular case these parameters are based on the bt_hsqcctetgpsisp_ali.nan.xml description file: 1H offset in Hz (O1), 1H spectral width (2 SW), 15N offset in ppm (O3P), half contant-time (CT) delay (D23), 13C spectral width (1 SW), 13C max acquisition time (1 AQ), 13C offset in ppm (O2P), 13CO offset in ppm (CNST21).
Inspect and adjust parameters
The default parameters from HSQC_CT_13C_ALI_xxx.par will provide an aliphatic 2D 13C CT-HSQC spectrum of a typical protein sample collected with the traditional sampling scheme ( i.e. not using non-uniform sampling 'NUS'). Often the only parameters to change will be NS = number of scans in order to increase the signal to noise, and 1 TD ( TD in F1) that changes the number of increments (points) and hence the resolution in the 13C dimension.
Check the experiment time ( type expt or click on 'clock' icon) after any change.
These and additional parameters can be accessed and changed on the parameter windows seen below.
Select the 'Acqpars' tab to display acquisition parameters. Two display modes can be selected, the full display mode (click on the 'A' icon or type eda), or pulse program-specific mode (click on the 'pulse' icon, or type ased). The former gives you access to all parameters and provides an overview of all spectral dimensions at once, while the latter is useful because it only displays acquisition parameters used in the pulse sequence and can be parsed sequentially as a checklist.
First examine the specific dimension parameters in Acqpars 'eda' mode (click 'A' icon). This view gives a comprehensive list of parameters covering two dimensions, F2(1H) and F1(13C) in columns.
Parameters to check:
- FnTYPE - 'traditional planes' or 'non-uniform sampling' - see step 3 below
- NS - minimum 2; increase for for higher signal to noise ( S/N increases as square root of NS )
- DS - 32-128 'dummy' scans that are not recorded; allows system to reach steady state equilibration. This is especially important for HSQC since 13C decoupling during acquisition and can heat the probe and sample.
- SW[ppm] - F2(1H) ~12-15 ppm; F1(13C) ~80 ppm, defined in bioTop
- O1 - 1H H2O offset in Hz (calibrated with BioTop or calibo1p1, O1P will be around 4.7 ppm depending on temperature)
- O2P - 13C aliphatic offset (~38 ppm, defined in bioTop)
- O3P - 15N offset (~115-120 ppm, defined in bioTop)
- 2 TD - number of 1H time domain real points (~1024-2048, preferably 2N, keep 2 AQ at ~50-120 ms)
- 1 TD - number of 13C time domain real points (int(2*d20/in20) for maximum signal-to-noise)
- DIGMOD - 'baseopt' (zero 1st order phase correction)
Then examine the parameters in the pulse program-specific 'ased' mode (click on the 'pulse' icon). Most parameters are also accessible in the 'eda' mode ( step 2.4 above). However, the 'ased' mode allows more convenient access to individual parameters within arrays, such as delays, pulse widths, constants, etc. It also displays parameter values computed internally within a pulse sequence, and provides context description from the relevant pulse program comment lines.
Most of the default parameters should be appropriate, however it's useful to compare values in the fields against suggestions in the pulseprogram comments. In general, only a few may need to be changed.
- CNST2 - effective one-bond 1JCH coupling value (≥140 Hz for aliphatic groups); used to calculate INEPT transfer delays
- D1 - 1-2 sec
- D23 - constant-time half-delay for 13C evolution (13.3 ms)
- D24 - refocused INEPT transfer delay (~0.0012 s). This is a compromise value to balance polarization transfer efficiency for all multiplicities (CH, CH2, and CH3).
- P1 - 1H 90º high power pulse (calibrated with calibo1p1 or BioTop)
- P3 - 13C 90º high power pulse (calibrated with BioTop)
- CNST21 - 13CO shift for decoupling ( ~173 ppm, defined in bioTop)
- P21 - 15N 90º high power pulse (calibrated with BioTop)
Configure NUS (non-uniform sampling) - optional
After all other acquisition parameters (especially spectral widths and time-domain points) are set, change the FnTYPE parameter to 'non-uniform sampling' (type 'eda' and select 'Experimental' to get correct parameter window).
Navigate down to the 'NUS' section in the 'eda' parameter window and set the desired NusAMOUNT [%] sampling density. For 2D 13C CT-HSQC sampling density should be around 50%.
You have the option of using either the built-in sampling schedule generator in Topspin or a third-party one.
To use the built-in sampling schedule generator in TopSpin set the NUSLIST parameter to 'automatic'. The sampling schedule will then be generated at acquisition start, and will be purely random apart from point density weighting according to NusJSP and NusT2 parameters.
A better way to generate the sampling schedule is with nusPGSv8 AU program. This AU program uses NusAMOUNT and TD values of the current experiment to generate a random schedule with 'Poisson gap' point spacing, and offers additional options for point density weighting and sampling order. ( see protocol 'Poisson Gap NUS Acquisition Setup', and attached files 'nusPGSv8' and 'poissonv3'). To use this method, type 'nusPGSv8' on the command line. You can typically accept the default values in pop-up dialog windows, since they are suitable for most applications. A schedule will be generated and will be stored to the parameter NUSLIST.
If nusPGSv8 is not installed, copy the attached file 'nusPGSv8' to your user AU directory, /opt/topspin.X.X.X/exp/stan/nmr/au/src/user, and copy the binary file 'poissonv3' to /opt/topspinX.X.X/prog/bin.
Acquire and Process Data
Type 'expt' to calculate the expected run time.
If necessary to re-adjust parameters
Type 'rga' or click on 'Gain' in Topspin Acquire menu to execute automatic gain adjustment.
Type 'zg' or click on 'Run' in Topspin Acquire menu to begin acquisition.
You can always check the first FID by typing 'efp' to execute an exponential multiplied Fourier transform. It will ask for a FID #, choose the default #1. You can evaluate the 1D spectrum for amide proton signal to noise and water suppression.
To take a look at the 2D, wait for >= 16 FIDS and then click on 'Proc.Spectrum' on the Topspin Process menu. This will execute an automated processing macro.
Although the resolution will be poor, you can evaluate the signal to noise (S/N) and whether the 13C offset and spectral width are acceptable.
This can be repeated at any time as additional FIDs are acquired.
Protocol references
J.Cavanaugh, W.Fairbrother, A.Palmer, N.Skelton: Protein NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Practice.
Academic Press 2006 ; Hardback ISBN: 97801216449189, eBook ISBN: 9780080471037
G.W. Vuister & A. Bax, J. Magn. Reson. 98, 428-435 (1992))
A.G. Palmer III, J. Cavanagh, P.E. Wright & M. Rance, J. Magn. Reson. 93, 151-170 (1991)