The RFU (relative fluorescence units) and OD600 were measured every 30 minutes using the multi-functional enzyme readerat 37°C shaking culture condition, for a period of 12h. (For RFU measurement, 200 µL of LB was used for calibration, with an excitation wavelength 485 nm, an excitation bandwidth 20 nm, an emission wavelength 535 nm, and an emission width 70 nm.)