Jul 25, 2022

Public workspaceDilutions and Pipetting Practice

This protocol is a draft, published without a DOI.
Dilutions and Pipetting Practice
  • Brian P. Teague1
  • 1University of Wisconsin - Stout
  • Yeast ORFans CURE
Brian Teague
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External link: https://qubeshub.org/community/groups/coursesource/publications?id=2556&tab_active=about&v=1
Protocol Citation: Brian P. Teague 2022. Dilutions and Pipetting Practice. protocols.io https://protocols.io/view/dilutions-and-pipetting-practice-cdugs6tw
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,  which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it’s working
Created: July 20, 2022
Last Modified: July 25, 2022
Protocol Integer ID: 67176
Keywords: pipetting, food coloring, dilutions, practice, dilution, pipetting lesson using food dye, small volumes of clear liquid, mixing small volume, clear liquid, computing dilution, mixing, pipetting practice, microliter, small volume, lab an other, micropipettor, doing molecular biology, called micropipettor, milliliter, molecular biology, lab, abbreviated µl, volume
Abstract
Nowadays, doing molecular biology frequently boils down to "mixing small volumes of clear liquids." The volumes we're working with are very small indeed: down to one or two microliters (a microliter, abbreviated µl, is one one-thousandth of a milliliter.)

To accurately transfer these small volumes from one container to another, we use tools called micropipettors. This protocol is intended to get you familiar with how to use a micropipettor. It is also an opportunity to practice computing dilutions, which is a skill you'll use over and over in this lab an others.

Adapted from Dilution and Pipetting Lesson Using Food Dyes, by Burnett et al (CourseSource)
Image Attribution
James Burnette, Lisa Kanizay, Nikki Chester, Susan R Wessler, from "Dilution and Pipetting Lesson Using Food Dyes", https://qubeshub.org/community/groups/coursesource/publications?id=2556&tab_active=about&v=1
Guidelines
Pipetting tips:

DO NOT TWIST THE PIPETTOR BEYOND ITS MAXIMUM VOLUME. For example, do not try to set a P200 to 250 µl. It will break the pipettor, and repairs are expensive.

Do not re-use tips. Eject the tip after each transfer and use new one for the next transfer.

Use the smallest pipettor that will transfer the entire volume at once. For example, if you need to transfer 250 µl, set a P-1000 to 250 µl. Do NOT use a P-200 to transfer 200 µl, then 50 µl.
Materials
  • Micropipettor tips: 1000 µl, 200 µl, and 10 µl
  • 10X stock food dye solutions: one tube each of red, blue, green and yellow
  • Tap water (in a small beaker or flask)
  • An empty small beaker or flask
  • Eight empty microcentrifuge tubes
  • Eight empty 200 µl PCR tubes
Troubleshooting
Pipetting Practice
Adjusting the volume of the micropipettor correctly is the most important part of the process. Refer to the image below for how to set each of the micropipettors.

(I adapted this figure from somewhere but I cannot remember or find where. If this is yours, please contact me so I can attribute you properly!)
Note
You may have a P-10 instead of a P-2 -- adjust it like you would a P-20.

Grab the P-1000.
  • Set it to transfer Amount400 µL of liquid. (DO NOT TRY TO MAKE IT READ 4-0-0 - YOU WILL BREAK THE MICROPIPETTOR. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS, ASK.) Double-check with an instructor or a TA to make sure you have it set correctly.
  • Press the barrel of the micropipettor firmly into a P-1000 tip. (These are often in blue tip boxes.)
  • Press the plunger down to the first stop. (Do this out "in the air", not in the water.)
  • Insert the tip into the beaker of water.
  • Smoothly release the plunger. (Don't just take your finger off and let it "snap" back up.) This will draw water into the tip.
  • Put the opening at the bottom of the tip against the side of the empty beaker.
  • Press the plunger down all the way to the bottom of its travel. This will dispense the water into the beaker.


Note
Don't dispense the water into the middle of the air; always dispense onto the side of the receiving container. This is especially important for very small volumes.


  • Using the tip ejector, eject the tip into the sharps container or biohazard bag.
  • If you'd like, repeat this process several times to get a feel for it.


Note
Don't re-use tips! Use a single tip for a single transfer, then eject it and use a fresh one.


Repeat step 2 using the P-200. Set it toAmount175 µL . Use 200 µl tips. (These are often in green tip boxes).

Repeat step 2 using the P-20. Set it to Amount12.5 µL . Again, use the 200 µl tips.

Repeat step 2 using the P-2. (You may have a P-10 instead -- if so, you'll set it using the same instructions for the P-20.) Set it for Amount1.75 µL . Use the 10 µl tips (they're often in red tip boxes.)


Note
Here, it is especially important that you dispense the water into the liquid that's already in the container (preferred) or onto the side of the container.

Make working stock solutions
The food dye provided to you is at a 10X concentration. You will need to make four working stocks at 1X concentration. In the table below, you are given the final volume for a 1X solution of each dye. Use the formula cl * v1 = c2 * v2 to compute the amount of dye and the amount of water you'll need to mix for a 1X solution and fill out the table. Have an instructor or TA double-check your math.


ABCD
Tube LabelAmount of 10X dye (µl)Amount of water (µl)Total volume (µl)
Red500
Blue1000
Green750
Yellow870

Label 4 tubes: Red (R), Blue (B), Green (G) and Yellow (Y)
Make 1X dilutions according to your calculations above in Table 1 by mixing the dye and water volumes you computed.
  1. Add the volume of water to the first tube.
  2. Add the dye to the first tube.
  3. Snap the tube cap closed and flick or vortex briefly to mix.
  4. Repeat with the rest of the tubes.
Make mixtures of the working stock solutions
Label four new tubes: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Using the table below, transfer the correct amount of 1X food dye to the new tubes
ABCDEF
TubeGreen (µl)Yellow (µl)Red (µl)Blue (µl)Total volume (µl)
10300600
2003016
32700120
427.5505712.5

Compare your results to the standards provided by the instructor.
Critical
Repeat at 1/10th scale
Starting at step 6, repeat the entire protocol at 1/10th scale.
  • For example, if the volume says 500 µl, use 50 µl instead.
  • Use PCR tubes instead of microcentrifuge tubes.
  • Don't forget to compare your results to the standards provided by the instructor!