Apr 22, 2025
Development of Carboxymethyl-Sagocellulose-Stabilized Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Conjugated with 5-Fluorouracil for Targeted Photothermal Therapy in Cancer Treatment
- Anand Kumar Veeramachineni1
- 1Springer Nature
Protocol Citation: Anand Kumar Veeramachineni 2025. Development of Carboxymethyl-Sagocellulose-Stabilized Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Conjugated with 5-Fluorouracil for Targeted Photothermal Therapy in Cancer Treatment. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.14egn4jqyv5d/v1
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: April 22, 2025
Last Modified: April 22, 2025
Protocol Integer ID: 132951
Keywords: fluorouracil for targeted photothermal therapy, targeted photothermal therapy, stabilized fe3o4 nanoparticle, fe3o4 nanoparticle, photothermal therapy, development of carboxymethyl, cancer treatment, carboxymethyl, fluorouracil, therapeutic efficacy
Abstract
To develop and evaluate carboxymethyl-sagocellulose-stabilized Fe3O4 nanoparticles conjugated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for targeted photothermal therapy (PTT) in cancer treatment, enhancing drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy.
Materials
Materials -
Sodium hydroxide 10 g
Sodium monochloroacetate 5 g
Sodium chlorite 5 g
Acetic acid 50 mL
Ethylene glycol 40 mL
Ferric chloride hexahydrate 1.08 g
5-Fluorouracil 1 g
EDC 0.025 g/mL in buffer A
Sulfo-NHS 0.025 g/mL in buffer A
Phosphate buffer solution 200 mL
Reagents -
Sodium hydroxide
5-Fluorouracil
Troubleshooting
Safety warnings
Handle all chemicals with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Dispose of waste according to local regulations. Be aware of potential hazards associated with nanoparticles.
Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Dissolve 1.0 g of PSSMA, 1.08 g of FeCl3·6H2O, and 3.0 g of NaOAc in 40 mL of ethylene glycol.
Homogenize the solution and transfer it to an autoclave.
Heat at 200 °C for 10 hours.
Collect the black precipitate, wash with deionized water, and dry at 30 °C overnight.
Surface Modification of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Disperse 0.60 g of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in 350 mL of ethanol and 3 mL of deionized water.
Add 4 mL of APS and stir for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere.
Collect the precipitate, wash with deionized water, and dry at 30 °C overnight.
Conjugation of CMSC and 5-FU
Dissolve 1 g of CMSC in 200 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0).
Add EDC and sulfo-NHS at a molar ratio of 0.5 relative to carboxyl groups.
Stir for 12 hours in the dark.
Add 5-FU solution and stir for an additional 12 hours.
Recover the nanoparticles using a magnet, wash, and vacuum-dry overnight.
Evaluation of Photothermal Effect
Prepare Fe3O4-CMSC-5FU nanoparticles at various concentrations (30, 75, 175, 350 mg/mL).
Irradiate with an 808 nm laser at a power density of 600 mW/cm² for 15 minutes.
Measure temperature increase using a thermocouple.