Jan 29, 2025
An effective protocol to isolate and mechanically test silk fibers spun by Osmia lignaria
Peer-reviewed method
- Oran Wasserman1,
- Jackson J. Morley1,2,
- Mary-Kate Williams1,3,
- Brianne E. Bell1,
- Diana Cox-Foster3,
- Justin A. Jones1
- 1Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA;
- 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA;
- 3Pollinating Insect Research Unit, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, Utah, USA
- Oran Wasserman: ‡Authors contributed equally;
- Jackson J. Morley: ‡Authors contributed equally;
- Mary-Kate Williams: ‡Authors contributed equally
- PLOS ONE Lab Protocols
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External link: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318918
Collection Citation: Oran Wasserman, Jackson J. Morley, Mary-Kate Williams, Brianne E. Bell, Diana Cox-Foster, Justin A. Jones 2025. An effective protocol to isolate and mechanically test silk fibers spun by Osmia lignaria. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bp2l6d8bkvqe/v1
Manuscript citation:
Wasserman O, Morley JJ, Williams MF, Bell BE, Cox-Foster DL, Jones JA (2025) An effective protocol to isolate and mechanically test silk fibers spun by Osmia lignaria Say (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) fifth instar larvae. PLOS One 20(2). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318918
License: This is an open access collection distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this collection and it's working
Created: December 13, 2024
Last Modified: May 14, 2025
Collection Integer ID: 115848
Keywords: silk, isolation, solitary, bee, mechanical, testing, cocoon silk of domesticated silkworm, further examination of isolated silk, silk cocoons during the fifth instar larval stage, larvae between silk initiation, osmia lignaria silk, domesticated silkworm, isolated silk, enabling silk characterization, understanding of bee silk property, silk characterization as part, bee silk property, silk fiber, silk cocoon, silk from silk, cocoon silk, silk initiation, health in other silk, spun silk, other silk, solitary bees such as osmia lignaria say, silk, spinning larvae, collecting individual fiber, bee biology, hymenoptera, isolated fiber, bee species, individual fiber, various arthropod lineage, solitary bee, producing bee species, role in bee biology, cocoon formation, fiber, managed solitary pollinator, fifth instar larval stage, osmia lignaria, solitary pollinator, based fiber
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Spotlight Video
The video below is a supplement with extra context and tips, as part of the protocols.io Spotlight series, featuring conversations with protocol authors.
Abstract
Silk, a remarkable protein-based fiber spun by various arthropod lineages, has been prized for millennia, with the cocoon silk of domesticated silkworms and spiders being the most utilized and extensively studied. There is limited information on how silk can be used to investigate biology, development, and health in other silk producing species, particularly for solitary bees such as Osmia lignaria Say (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Osmia lignaria, an increasingly managed solitary pollinator, produces silk cocoons during the fifth instar larval stage. We have developed a minimally invasive protocol to isolate and mechanically test O. lignaria silk fibers using a 3-D printed well plate system for rearing and two specific isolation techniques. Our protocol allows for collecting individual fibers directly from silk-spinning larvae between silk initiation and cocoon formation without preventing subsequent cocoon development, enabling silk characterization as part of larger rearing and developmental studies. For this study, isolated fibers were mounted on C-cards, facilitating diameter measurement using a microscope and mechanical testing with an MTS Synergie 100 tensile testing instrument. We successfully isolated and tested the mechanical properties of naturally spun silk from O. lignaria, with 20 fibers isolated and mechanically tested from seven larvae. Further examination of isolated silk can reveal physical, molecular, chemical, and morphological characteristics, advancing our understanding of bee silk properties and their role in bee biology, evolution, and nutritional status. This protocol provides a practical tool for researchers to isolate and study silk from silk-producing bee species.
Troubleshooting
Spotlight Video
The video below is a supplement with extra context and tips, as part of the protocols.io Spotlight series, featuring conversations with protocol authors.