Jul 06, 2018
Version 3
An assessment on a large geographic scale of Eurasian inland saline surface waters V.3
- Emil Boros1,
- Marina Kolpakova2
- 1Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA);
- 2Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Protocol Citation: Emil Boros, Marina Kolpakova 2018. An assessment on a large geographic scale of Eurasian inland saline surface waters. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.rikd4cw
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: July 06, 2018
Last Modified: July 06, 2018
Protocol Integer ID: 13612
Keywords: alkaline, bicarbonate, carbonate, chemical types of saline waters, equivalent percentage (e%), pH overlap, rank of dominant ion, Saline type, Soda type, Soda-Saline type, soda brine
Abstract
The major ion concentration data of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), carbonate (CO3) and pH (if it was coupled with ion data) were input into the database. The data were drawn from a large geographic scale across Eurasia (Austria, China, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Serbia, Turkey) and from a large number of saline lakes and pans (N=220) with minimum a 1.0 g L–1 salinity threshold. The 1.0 g L–1 salinity threshold was selected based on a former study (Boros et al., 2014), where this threshold was experimentally found to be the characteristic boundary of soda ecosystems. Salinity was estimated by the sum of measured concentrations of eight major ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, HCO3, CO3). As generally known, sodium is by far the most common cation in saline lakes and necessarily the dominant cation in soda type lakes. Therefore, sites were excluded from the dataset if Na was not the most abundant ion. If seasonal or annual water data were available, mean values were put into database. Most of the data came from papers (sources are indicated in the table).
Chemical assessment of Eurasian inland saline surface waters
Chemical assessment of Eurasian inland saline surface waters
Data collection and measurements
Major ion concentration data including sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl–), sulfate (SO42–), bicarbonate (HCO3–), carbonate (CO32–), and pH (if it was coupled with ion data) were compiled into a database. The data were drawn from a large geographic scale across Eurasia (Austria, China, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Serbia, and Turkey) and from a large number of saline lakes and pans (N = 220) with a minimum of 1.0 g L–1 salinity threshold. The 1.0 g L–1 salinity threshold was selected on the basis of a former study [27], where this threshold was experimentally found to be the characteristic boundary of soda ecosystems. Salinity (TDS) was estimated by the sum of major ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, SO42–, HCO3–, and CO32–) and 1 mg L-1 accuracy was used for all input concentration data independently of the theoretical accuracy of original measurements, therefore decimals were rounded to integer value. As generally known, sodium is by far the most common cation in saline lakes and necessarily the dominant cation in soda type of lakes [1]. Therefore, sites with the most abundant ion other than Na+ were excluded from the dataset. If seasonal or annual water data were available, we used mean values for the database. Most of the data came from papers [1,15,26-39] published in the period from 1956 to 2017. However, we cannot estimate a reliable universal accuracy and reproducibility for all data in this study, because none of the published papers reviewed provide data on uncertainty, furthermore, several of them were carried out by different kinds of national standard methods of ion concentration measurements, but all of them are based on the same international methods of ICP-MS for cations (ASTM 3500-Na-C, -K-C, -Ca-C, -Mg-C), alkalinity titration (ASTM 2320 B), chloride argentometric titrimetry (ASTM 4500-Cl-B) as well as sulfate ions turbidimetry (ASTM 4500-SO42-E).
The collected published data were supplemented with some unpublished sample series in the case of Mongolia and Kazakhstan. They are indicated in the attached table as "Author's unpublished data". The pH was measured on site using a WTW multiline field instrument with a SenTix 41 electrode. The samples were filtered through GF5 glass fiber filters (0.4 μm nominal pore size) in the laboratory. For the determination of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), samples were analyzed with the EPA 6020 standard method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [40] with 2% accuracy. Anion concentrations were measured according to Hungarian standard analytical methods (MSZ). Chloride ion concentration was determined by the argentometric method (MSZ 448-15:1982). Sulfate ion was precipitated in a strong acidic medium with barium chloride, and the resulting turbidity was measured photometrically at 405 nm and compared with standard solutions (MSZ 12750-16:1998). Alkalinity was determined by titration, and the concentration of HCO3–, CO32–, and OH– ions was calculated using the Hungarian standard MSZ 448-11:1986. All of anions and alkalinity were measured with 5% accuracy.
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repository_data_eb_mk_july_2018.xlsx